Figure 5.

Mutant bone morphogenetic protein receptor II (BMPR2) expression promotes hypoxia response element (HRE) activity and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) expression, an effect that is attenuated with antioxidant administration. a, Using HRE luciferase systems, mutant BMPR2 cells had greater HRE activity than native cells. N = 5 in each group. b, Mutant BMPR2 cells have increased HIF expression upon exposure to hypoxia (FiO₂ 5% for 24 hours) compared to controls, which is markedly decreased with exposure to the antioxidant TEMPOL. c, A similar trend is shown with respect to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as determined by malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, in mutant BMPR2 cells exposed to hypoxia, which is also markedly decreased with exposure to the antioxidant TEMPOL. One asterisk indicates P < 0.05; two asterisks indicate P < 0.001. N = 4 per group.