Figure 1.

Selection of targeted drugs. According to the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) kidney cancer panel, patient should be encouraged to participate in clinical trials if their conditions allow. The treatment for all patients should be combined with the optimal supportive treatment. a, high-risk patients are defined as having 3 and more poor prognostic factors (as shown in Table 5: risk factor scoring for the prognosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma); b, patients unfeasible for targeted drugs can be treated with IFN-α; c, high-dose interleukin-2 must be used only in patients with good general status and major organ functions. RCC, renal cell carcinoma; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor.