Table 5. Scores of risk factors that predict the prognosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (1).

Influencing factors	Criteria of abnormality
Lactate dehydrogenase level	>1.5 times upper limit of normal
Hemoglobin level	<11.5 g/L in females, <13 g/L in males
Corrected serum calcium level	>10 mg/dL
Interval of less than a year from original diagnosis to the start of systemic therapy	<1 year
Karnofsky performance score	≤70
Sites of organ metastasis	≥2

Note: low risk, 0; intermediate risk, 1-2 risk factors; high risk, ≥3 risk factors.