Table 2. Major drugs, their group, mechanism of actions and effects.

Drug	Category	Mechanism	Effect
Mycophenolate mofetil	Immunosuppressive (Anti-proliferative)	Inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH)	Decreases proliferation of B and T cells.
Rapamycin (Sirolimus)	Immunosuppressive (Anti-proliferative)	Blocks Cells Cycle at the Junction of G1 and S phase by interacting with intracellular protein, FKBP12 and blocking cell specific kinase TOR (Target of rapamycin)	Decreases proliferation of B cells, T cells, smooth muscles and decreases antibody production
Everolimus	Immunosuppressive (Anti-proliferative)	Same as Rapamycin (Sirolimus)	Same as Rapamycin (Sirolimus)
Leflunomide	Immunosuppressive (Anti-proliferative)	Blocks the action of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, which is a rate-limiting enzyme in the production of uridine monophosphate (UMP).	Decreases proliferation and differentiation of activated lymphocytes
Azithioprine	Immunosuppressive (Anti-proliferative)	Blocks de novo purine synthesis	Blocks T cell activation
Methylprednisolone	Immunosuppressive (Anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory)	Causes redistribution of T cells and blocks inflammatory pathways	Decreases circulating T cells and inflammatory cytokines (for instance IL-6)
Tacrolimus (FK506)	Immunosuppressive (Anti-proliferative and antibiotic)	Causes decrease in gene expression	Decreases both cell-mediated and humoral immunity
Rituximab	Immunosuppressive (Anti-proliferative, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody)	Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, direct signaling and antibody-mediated cytotoxicity	Decreases the population of CD20 B cells.