Effects of AR agonist and antagonist on AR, p21Cip1, p-AMPKα, and AMPKα expression in human endometrial tissues in vitro. Illustration of the in vitro experiments with AR agonist and antagonist (A). Endometrial tissues from the proliferative phase of healthy women (n = 4) were treated with 100 nM DHT (an AR agonist). After 24 h, the culture media with DHT were removed and the endometrial explants were treated with 100 nM DHT or 100 nM DHT + 10 μM flutamide (fluta, an AR antagonist) for 24 hours. Culture media without DHT served as controls (vehicle). Representative Western blot analysis of AR, p21Cip1, p-AMPK, and AMPK expression (B) was performed as described in the Materials and Methods. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. ** p < 0.05 compared to vehicle; #
p < 0.05 compared to DHT.