Table 4.

Physiological mechanisms potentially contributing to impaired exercise performance in warm–hot environments

System	Examples of mechanisms
Cardiovascular	Blood pressure, blood flow to brain and skeletal muscles, oxygen delivery and metabolite removal
Central nervous system and neurobiological	Cerebral metabolism, neurotransmitter levels, temperature
Peripheral muscular factors	Temperature, metabolic, afferent feedback
Psychological	Thermal comfort, rating of perceived exertion, motivation and expectations
Respiration	Hypocapnia, alkalosis, breathing sensations

Adapted from Nybo et al. [40]