Figure 2.

Regulation of stroke-induced neurogenesis in a standard neurogenic niche. In the healthy brain, adult neural stem cells (Dark green) present in neurogenic niches contact blood vessels, proliferate and give rise to neuroblasts migrating from the SVZ to the olfactory bulb or from an other neurogenic niche to the local parenchyma (upper panel). Following stroke, reactive astrocytes, activated microglia, and endothelial cells release chemokines and growth factors able to reach neurogenic niches, increasing NSCs proliferation and attracting migrating neuroblasts to the ischemic area. Moreover, reactive astrocytes, NG2+ cells and pericytes are able to dedifferentiate into neurons inside the damaged parenchyma (lower panel; Hermann et al., 2014; Sawada et al., 2014).