Table 1.

Mean and standard error of the mean (±SEM) values for trial duration, working memory, general working memory, and reference memory for aviary- and cage-reared birds in the four training phases of the holeboard task.

	Aviary		Cages
	Mean	±SEM	Mean	±SEM
Trial duration (s)
Uncued acquisition	187.23	6.89	172.57	7.24
Cued acquisition	43.06	6.61	92.95	11.43
Over-training	52.02	7.18	93.19	11.23
Reversal	59.95	7.02	161.21	14.51
Working memory
Uncued acquisition	0.67	0.02	0.66	0.02
Cued acquisition	0.90	0.016	0.79	0.027
Over-training	0.85	0.019	0.87	0.019
Reversal	0.84	0.02	0.65	0.045
General working memory
Uncued acquisition	0.77	0.014	0.74	0.016
Cued acquisition	0.88	0.015	0.83	0.021
Over-training	0.83	0.019	0.87	0.017
Reversal	0.73	0.021	0.73	0.03
Reference memory
Uncued acquisition	0.39	0.013	0.41	0.013
Cued acquisition	0.62	0.022	0.59	0.024
Over-training	0.50	0.018	0.54	0.017
Reversal	0.36	0.014	0.27	0.018

Mean values that differ significantly between treatments within phase are marked in bold.