Table 1.

Classification and examples of different types of peripheral deafness.

	Sensorineural		Conductive
	Congenital	Late onset	Congenital	Late onset
Hereditary	Pigment-associated (CS)a – Dalmatian Non-pigment-associated (NE)a – Doberman pinscher, Puli	Border collie, Rhodesian ridgeback	None known	Primary secretory otitis mediab – Cavalier King Charles spaniel
Acquired	Perinatal anoxia Dystocia Intrauterine ototoxin exposure – gentamicin	Ototoxin exposure – gentamicin Otitis interna Presbycusis Noise trauma Physical trauma Anesthesia-associated Undetermined	Ear canal atresia	Otitis externa Otitis media Cerumen impaction Ear canal inflammation Ear canal foreign bodies – awns Middle ear polyps

^aCS, cochleo-saccular; NE, neuroepithelial.

^bHereditary basis suspected but not confirmed.