Table 2.

Types of paroxysmal dyskinesias (4).

Term	Duration	Frequency	Trigger	Response to antiepileptic drugs
Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD)	Typically <2 min	Up to 100 per day	Sudden movements	Often effective
Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD)	5 min to 4 h	None for months to few per day	Excitement, stress, fatigue, alcohol, and caffeine	Usually not effective
Paroxysmal exertion induced dyskinesia (PED)	5–30 min	One per month to daily	Prolonged muscle exertion	Usually not effective
Paroxysmal hypnogenic dyskinesia (PHD); type of frontal lobe epilepsy	30–45 s	5 times a year to five times a night	During non-REM sleep	Sometimes effective
Paroxysmal torticollis of infancy	Hours to days	Every 2 or 3 weeks	CHanges in posture	Spontaneous disappearance before the age of 5 years