. 2015 Oct 13;2:45. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2015.00045

Table 3.

Effect of dietary energy level and β-mannanase supplementation on jejunum villi morphological characteristics and ileal adherent mucin thickness layer of turkey hens at 28 days of age.^c

Main effect		Tip width	Villi height	Base width	Crypt depth	Muscularis thickness	Surface area	Villi height/crypt depth	Ileal adherent mucin thickness layer

		Micron					Micron^d		μg/g tissue
Energy level
High energy		173	1661	301^b	244	256	393,523^b	6.19	752
Low energy		207	1768	366^a	222	266	496,505^a	6.97	804
β-Mannanase level (%)
0.05		219^a	1714	367^a	224	251	509,870^a	7.49^a	804^b
0.00		161^b	1715	300^b	242	269	380,157^b	5.70^b	832^a

Interactions

Energy level	β-Mannanase level (%)
High energy	0.05	204	1733^a,b	335	232	266	468,246	6.97^a,b	631^b
High energy	0.00	143	1588^b	266	255	243	318,800	5.43^b	977^a
Low energy	0.05	235	1694^a,b	399	215	236	551,495	7.94^a	791^a,b
Low energy	0.00	179	1842^a	334	228	296	441,514	5.92^a,b	873^a,b

Source of variations
					P-values

Energy		0.141	0.097	0.011	0.373	0.586	0.003	0.149	0.1616
β-Mannanase		0.017	0.983	0.009	0.470	0.383	0.001	0.006	0.0466
Energy × β-mannanase		0.909	0.030	0.928	0.831	0.060	0.501	0.025	0.0261
SEM(40)^d		10	29	11	11	10	14,242	0.35	27.51

^a,bMeans with different letter superscripts within a column are significantly different (P < 0.05).

^cValues are means of four replicates each treatment.

^dSEM(40), standard error of the mean with 40 degrees of freedom.