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. 2015 Dec 8;5:17999. doi: 10.1038/srep17999

Figure 4. Avian influenza virus infected PAM appeared more pro-inflammatory than those infected with human and pig influenza viruses.

Figure 4

PAM were infected with influenza viruses as indicated at 1.0 MOI for 6 h. PAM infected with avian influenza viruses exhibited more TNF-α and IL-6 transcription than with mammalian influenza viruses (A,C). Conversely, IL10 expression in PAM was strongly down-regulated by avian but not mammalian influenza viruses (B). There was no clear difference in the induction of IP-10 (D) and IFN-β (E) in PAM between avian and mammalian influenza viruses. Mammalian influenza viruses, however, strongly up-regulated the expression of IFN-inducible genes Mx1 and OAS1 (F,G). All RNA expression results were normalised to 18S rRNA. Data shown are the means of triplicate wells. Error bar = standard error of mean. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001 (ANOVA).