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. 2015 Dec 8;5:17854. doi: 10.1038/srep17854

Table 2. Examples of physiological biomarkers. (For a complete list of physiological biomarkers, please refer to Supplementary Table S2).

Biomarker Biomarker Type Detected Disease Disease ICD Code Clinical status
Amygdala volume Prognostic Parkinson’s disease G20, F02.3  
Ankle brachial index (ABI) Diagnostic Peripheral arterial disease I73 Used in clinic
Anterior temporal atrophy Diagnostic Frontotemporal lobar degeneration G31.0  
Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) Diagnostic Coronary disease I25.1
Early hypertension Theragnostic Pancreatic cancer C25 Clinical trial
EBC pH Diagnostic Asthma J45  
Electrocardiography (ECG) Prognostic Acute coronary syndrome I20.0
Hair morphology Prognostic; Theragnostic Mucopolysaccharidoses E76
Hippocampal volume Prognostic Parkinson’s disease G20, F02.3
Longitudinal MRI volumetric data Prognostic Alzheimer’s disease G30, F00 Used in clinic
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) Diagnostic Bronchopulmonary dysplasia P27.1  
Mammographic density Diagnostic Breast cancer C50 Clinical trial
Mean width of frontal horns of lateral ventricles Prognostic Parkinson’s disease G20, F02.3  
Mean width of third ventricle Prognostic Parkinson’s disease G20, F02.3
Motor unit number estimation Monitoring Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis G12.2
Neurophysiological index Monitoring Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis G12.2
Sclerosis Prognostic Follicular lymphoma C82 Clinical trial
Single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG) Prognostic Myasthenia gravis G70.0  
Sputum cytology Diagnostic Lung carcinoma C33-C34
Total kidney volume (TKV) Prognostic Autosomal-Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Q61
Unilateral area of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity Prognostic Parkinson’s disease G20, F02.3
Urine osmolality Prognostic Autosomal-Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Q61
Voxel-based morphometry Diagnostic Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis G12.2