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. 2015 Dec 7;9:90. doi: 10.1186/s12918-015-0235-2

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© Hattori et al. 2015

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver(http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Schematic layout of the model of radiation-induced bystander-effects. a Two-dimensional cellular automaton composed of three types of grids : cell (green), medium (gray), and wall (black). b Four components of the simulation algorithm: (1) irradiation of the cells (black); (2) generation of bystander signals in the irradiated cells and diffusion of the signals to surrounding cells (red); (3) induction of cellular DNA damage induced by irradiation or bystander signals (purple); and (4) cellular response caused by DNA damage (white)