Table 2.
Multilevel Logistic Regression Estimates: Fixed Effect (Odds Ratios) and Random Effects of Utilization of Medical Preventive Health Care (MP)
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed effect | ||||
| Individual variables (Level 1) | ||||
| Age | 1.0157*** (0.0043) | 1.0156*** (0.0043) | ||
| Female | 1.6104*** (0.1968) | 1.6091*** (0.1966) | ||
| High education | 1.5575*** (0.2404) | 1.5516*** (0.2392) | ||
| Urban residence | 2.0237*** (0.4961) | 1.7310** (0.4820) | ||
| Medical insurance | 1.7768*** (0.2815) | 1.7902*** (0.2858) | ||
| Low household income pc | 0.7104* (0.1254) | 0.7251* (0.1283) | ||
| High household income pc | 1.1472 (0.1772) | 1.1289 (0.1747) | ||
| Distance to the nearest facility | 0.9565 (0.1470) | 1.0116 (0.1531) | ||
| Level 2 (community variables) | ||||
| Number of facilities | 1.1892** (0.1030) | 1.2112** (0.1015) | ||
| Community per capita income | 1.0002*** (0.0001) | 1.0001 (0.0001) | ||
| Random effect | ||||
| Intra-class correlation, ρ | 0.3693***(0.0438) | 0.3432***(0.0428) | 0.3255*** (0.0427) | 0.3172*** (0.0423) |
| Log-likelihood | −1311.08 | −1308.18 | −1275.93 | −1272.64 |
| Number of observations | 9773 | 9773 | 9773 | 9773 |
Notes: Odd ratios are reported, standard errors are in parentheses.
*p < 0.10,
**p < 0.05,
***p < 0.01.