C16:4Δ4,7,10,13 fatty acid is decreased in dark-grown fdx5 and FDX5 interacts with fatty acid desaturases. (A) Fatty acid profiles in WT, fdx5, and the fdx5(FDX5) complemented strain in the light and dark at 0 and 48 h. Error bars represent SD (n = 3). Experiments were performed three times. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, by two-tailed Student’s t tests. (B) Mating-based split-ubiquitin system showing interactions of FDX5 and FDX1 (Fd) with CrΔ4FAD and CrFAD6 in the presence of 500 µM methionine (Met500). The NubG (empty) vector combined with Cub or vectors containing the desaturase genes served as negative controls, whereas NubWT and NubI vectors served as positive controls. The assay was performed on eight separate occasions, yielding similar results.