Fig. S5.

Anti-rich-club behavior in the investigator network. (A) The normalized rich-club coefficient ${\varphi }_{norm}\left(k\right)$ for the investigator network in 2010 was smaller than 1 and decreased with k. High-degree nodes were totally disconnected from each other or had very little linkage among them. (B) High-degree investigators largely research in nonoverlapping topics, which helps explain the lack of connectivity among them. Here, investigators were ranked by their degree; the person with the highest degree is first and appears on the top. Projects associated with these investigators stretched over 80 different areas (out of a total of 375 defined by the EPSRC), and only active areas of these investigators are shown.