| Problem | diagnosed sleep disorders |
| Exposure | severity or duration of sleep disorder (observational studies only) |
| Intervention | treatment to improve sleep (treatment studies only) |
| Comparison | healthy sleep |
| Outcome | language learning deficit |
| Problem | diagnosed sleep disorders |
| Exposure | severity or duration of sleep disorder (observational studies only) |
| Intervention | treatment to improve sleep (treatment studies only) |
| Comparison | healthy sleep |
| Outcome | language learning deficit |