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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 8.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Stat Assoc. 2012;107(499):901–915. doi: 10.1080/01621459.2012.682533

Table 2.

Balance on 44 covariates in matched pairs, regional-vs-general anesthesia. Type 1 pairs finely balance the 47 hospitals, while type 2 pairs make contrasts between hospitals with different usual practices.

Finely Balanced Pairs (type 1) Usual Practice Pairs (type 2)

Covariate Regional General Regional General
Propensity score (mean) 52.3 52.3 52.7 52.6
Risk score (mean) 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002
Knee 8154 % 97.5 97.0 98.9 99.0
Knee 8155 % 2.5 3.0 1.1 1.0
Age (mean) 72.4 72.5 72.6 72.4
Sex % Female 64.0 65.5 64.4 63.1
White % 92.8 92.8 95.9 95.8
Black % 2.8 3.4 2.1 2.0
Emergency Room Admission % 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0
Body Mass Index, BMI (mean) 31.2 31.4 31.4 31.2
BMI<18 % 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0
BMI ge 30 % 52.4 52.4 54.1 54.1
Height (mean) 65.7 65.6 65.9 66.1
ASA Score, 1-5 (mean) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
ASA Score missing % 1.3 1.6 0.8 0.8
Systolic blood pressure (mean) 143.0 143.0 142.5 142.9
Blood pressure missing % 1.4 1.0 0.2 0.2
APACHE Score (mean) 22.4 22.6 22.3 22.4

Comorbid Conditions

Diabetic on medication % 15.7 15.2 13.9 15.4
Diabetic score, 1-3 (mean) 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4
Number of cardiac comorbidities (mean) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Congestive heart failuare % 6.5 5.8 4.1 5.2
Past MI % 4.3 3.9 3.9 4.1
Past arrhythmia % 14.7 15.1 16.0 16.5
Unstable angina % 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.4
Angina % 2.0 2.5 2.3 1.5
Hypertension % 81.3 81.2 78.8 79.6
Coagulopathy % 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0
Stroke % 3.8 4.6 1.1 1.5
Dementia % 2.1 1.5 0.6 1.5
Electrolyte abnormality % 2.3 2.7 1.9 2.4
Valvulardis % 10.4 10.1 8.2 8.2
Chronic pulmonary disease % 11.0 11.4 8.8 10.6
Asthma % 5.9 6.2 5.9 7.1
Liver disease % 1.2 1.3 0.1 0.3
Renal dysfunction % 2.0 2.3 0.5 0.6
Renal failure % 1.5 1.5 0.3 0.3
Paraplegia % 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1
Smoking history % 5.3 6.3 2.6 3.0
Pulmonary fibrosis % 1.8 2.7 1.1 1.1
Cancer % 13.3 13.9 12.1 12.8
Abdominal cancer % 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Weight loss % 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1
Sleep apnea % 1.0 0.7 0.1 0.2