Table 3.
Respiratory pathogens identified during episodes of pneumonia
| Infant HIV status | Randomized feeding strategy | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pathogen | Total n = 85 (%) |
HIV-infected n = 18 (%) |
HIV-uninfected n = 67 (%) |
FF≥ZDV1 n = 48 (%) |
BF≥ZDV1 n = 37 (%) |
| Bacteria: | 12 (14.1) | 2 (11.1) | 10 (14.9) | 8 (16.7) | 4 (10.8) |
| Gram-positive* | 6 (7.1) | 1(5.6) | 5 (7.5) | 2 (4.2) | 4 (10.8) |
| Gram-negative* | 2 (2.4) | 0 | 2 (3.0) | 2 (4.2) | 0 |
| B. pertussis{ | 3 (3.5) | 1 (5.6) | 2 (2.9) | 3 (6.1) | 0 |
| Other* | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (2.1) | 0 | |
| Viral: | 35 (41.2) | 8 (44.4) | 27 (40.3) | 24 (50.0) | 11 (29.7) |
| Adenovirus{ | 19 (22.1) | 4 (22.2) | 15 (22.1) | 14 (28.6) | 5 (13.5) |
| Rhinovirus{ | 7 (8.1) | 2 (11.1) | 5 (7.4) | 4 (8.2) | 3 (8.1) |
| Para-influenza 3{ | 3 (3.5) | 0 | 3 (4.4) | 3 (6.1) | 0 |
| hMPV{ | 3 (3.5) | 1 (5.6) | 2 (2.9) | 1 (2.0) | 2 (5.4) |
| RSV{ | 3 (3.5) | 1 (5.6) | 2 (2.9) | 2 (4.1) | 1 (2.7) |
| Enterovirus{ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Influenza A or B{ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Bocavirus{ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| More than 1 pathogenz | 9 (10.6) | 3 (16.7) | 7 (10.3) | 6 (12.2) | 4 (10.8) |
| No pathogen | 49 (57.0) | 11 (61.0) | 38 (55.9) | 19 (38.8) | 25 (67.6) |
*
Identified by blood culture, in total 6/61 blood cultures were positive;
{
identified by NPA;
z
samples with multiple pathogens included 6 adenovirus/rhinovirus, 1 B. pertussis/para-influenza 3, 1 B. pertussis/adenovirus, 1 adenovirus/hMPV; hMPV, human metapneumovirus; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus.
1
Breastfeeding infants were given ZDV prophylaxis for 6 months and formula-feeding infants for 1 month