Table 1.

Summary of Sample Characteristics and Measures from the MDFT Randomized Controlled Trials

Study	Gender	Age M (SD)	Ethnicity	Baseline Impairment	Drug Use Measures	Assessments	Comparison
Liddle et al. (2008) (n = 224)	81% Male	15.4 (1.2)	72% AA 10% Hispanic 18% EA	• M = 14.03 times used 30 days • 87% drug dependence • M = 2.14 DSM diagnoses • 61% in justice system	• TLFB (30 days) • PEI	• Intake • Discharge • 6 Months • 12 Months	Individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Liddle et al. (2009) (n = 83)	74% Male	13.8 (1.1)	38% AA 42% Hispanic 3% EA	• M = 3.65 days used 30 days • 16% drug dependence • 22% in justice system	• TLFB (30 days) • POSIT • Urinalysis	• Intake • 6 Weeks • Discharge • 6 Months • 12 Months	Group Therapy
Liddle et al. (2013) (n = 113)	74% Male	15.4 (1.1)	20% AA 68% Hispanic 8% EA	• M = 30.51 times used 30 days • 100% drug dependence • M = 3.83 DSM diagnoses • 81% in justice system	• TLFB (30 days) • PEI • POSIT • Urinalysis	• Intake • 2 Months • 4 Months • 12 Months	Multimodal Residential
Liddle et al. (2011) (n = 154)	83% Male	15.4 (1.1)	60% AA 22% Hispanic 18% EA	• M = 50.02 days used 90 days • 38% drug dependence • M = 2.71 DSM diagnoses • 100% in justice systema	• TLFB (90 days) • PEI • POSIT • Urinalysis	• Intake • 3 Months • 6 Months • 9 Months	Enhanced Services as Usual
Dakof et al. (2015) (n = 112)	90% Male	16.1 (1.0)	29% AA 60% Hispanic 4% EA	• M = 64.34 days used 90 days • 37% drug dependence • M = 1.77 DSM diagnoses • 100% in justice systemb	• TLFB (90 days) • PEI • POSIT • Urinalysis	• Intake • 6 Months • 12 Months	Group Therapy

Note. AA = African American, EA = European American, DSM = Diagnostic Statistical Manual, TLFB = Timeline Follow-Back, PEI = Personal Experience Inventory, POSIT = Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers

^aParticipants in detention at intake by study design.

^bParticipants in post-adjudication drug court at intake by study design