Table 2.
Characteristics of diabetic foot ulcer and diabetes complications in the studied populationa
| Variables | Overall (n=94) |
|---|---|
| Duration of ulcer (week) | 2 (1–72) |
| Previous DFU | 32 (34.0%) |
| Previous LEA | 14 (14.8%) |
| Type of diabetic foot | |
| Neuropathic | 40 (42.6%) |
| Ischemic | 14 (14.9%) |
| Neuroischemic | 24 (25.5%) |
| Wagner grade ≥3 | 71 (75.5%) |
| Diabetic foot infection | 93 (98.9%) |
| Diabetes medication before admission | |
| Oral hypoglycemic agent | 60 (63.8%) |
| Insulin | 10 (10.6%) |
| Combination therapy | 4 (4.2%) |
| Start at hospital | 20 (21.3%) |
| Diabetes and its complicationsb | |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 5 (0–21) |
| Admission plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 325.5 (113–740) |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 220.6±73.5 |
| HbA1c (%) | 11.3±2.8 |
| Hypertension status | 50 (53.2%) |
| Retinopathyc | 87 (92.6%) |
| Nephropathyc | 51 (54.3%) |
| Peripheral neuropathyc | 64 (68.1%) |
| Presence of PADc | 38 (40.4%) |
| Presence or history of CADc | 21 (22.3%) |
| Congestive heart failurec | 3 (3.2%) |
| Cerebrovascular diseasec | 6 (6.4%) |
| Chronic renal failurec | 41 (43.6%) |
| Dialysisc | 4 (4.2%) |
Data are expressed as number (%), mean±SD, or geometric mean (95% confidence interval). DFU, diabetic foot ulcer; LEA, lower extremity amputation; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; CAD, coronary arterial disease.
a
Case and control were adjusted for patient's age, sex, and nutritional status;
b
either known or diagnosed during the course of hospitalization;
c
using the Young et al. (30) proposed diabetic complications’ classification.