Rocaglamide-A potentiates osteoblast differentiation from primary mesenchymal stromal cells. (A) The 30 nM ROC-A blocked the suppression of ALP activity from 10 ng/ml TNF-α, and 30 nM ROC-A stimulated the osteoblast inducing medium (ODM)-induced mesenchymal stromal cell ALP activity; furthermore, 30 nM ROC-A treatment alone stimulated ALP activity (n > 3, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01). (B) At a concentration of 30 nM, ROC-A blocked the suppression of the gene expression of ColI, Ocn and Bsp from 10 ng/ml TNF-α, and 30 nM ROC-A stimulated the ODM-induced mesenchymal stromal cell gene expression of ColI, Ocn and Bsp; furthermore, 30 nM ROC-A treatment alone stimulated the gene expression of ColI, Ocn and Bsp (n > 3, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). (C) The 30 nM ROC-A blocked the suppression of gene expression of Runx2, Osx and ATF4 from 10 ng/ml TNF-α, and 30 nM ROC-A stimulated the ODM-induced mesenchymal stromal cell gene expression of Runx2, Osx and ATF4; furthermore, the 30 nM ROC-A treatment alone stimulated the gene expression of Runx2, Osx and ATF4 (n > 3, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).