Table 5. Factors associated with overall BACS severity score in multivariate analysis.

			Multivariate analysis
Factor	BACS-severity score	Comparator	Estimate	P value
Region
CEE	2.02 ± 0.61	WEC	–0.1342	0.1308
China	2.80 ± 0.55	WEC	0.7204	0.0005
LA	2.18 ± 0.71	WEC	0.0827	0.3332
WEC	1.96 ± 0.72
Age (y)
< 50	2.12 ± 0.71	50 and above	0.1377	0.0015
≥50	1.94 ± 0.68
Unemployment
Yes	2.20 ± 0.72	No	0.1292	0.0005
No	2.02 ± 0.70
Payment plan HIV treatment
Self-pay, out of pocket	2.75 ± 0.63	Government or private insurance	0.2544	0.0357
Government or private insurance	2.03 ± 0.69
Number of comorbidities
1	2.08 ± 0.70	None	0.1050	0.0084
2	2.11 ± 0.70	None	0.1077	0.0399
≥3	2.18 ± 0.71	None	0.2956	<0.0001
None	2.06 ± 0.72
Smoking history
Smoker	2.12 ± 0.69	Never or ex-smoker	0.1041	0.0044
Never or ex-smoker	2.07 ± 0.72
Changed treatment facility during last 12 months
Yes	2.31 ± 0.80	No	0.2450	0.0058
No	2.07 ± 0.70
Missed scheduled appointments
Yes	2.16 ± 0.72	No	0.1079	0.0218
No	2.07 ± 0.71
Adherence to reported guidelines
Yes	2.05 ± 0.70	No	–0.0494	0.4335
No	2.13 ± 0.73
Contraceptive drug
Available	2.01 ± 0.71	Not available	–0.1655	0.0150
Not available	2.16 ± 0.70
HPV test routine
No	2.01 ± 0.70	Yes	–0.2229	0.0006
Yes	2.17 ± 0.71

Other factors tested but not retained in the final model were immigration status (immigrant, non-immigrant), residence (rural, urban), living status (alone, not alone), partner/husband HIV status (negative, positive), regular family friends support (no, yes), disclosure of HIV status (no disclosure or disclosed to close relations, complete or extended disclosure), years of formal education (≤12, >12), number of children that the woman has had (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, none), number of children under 18 years at home (≥1, none), last viral load (<400 copies /mL, ≥400 copies/mL), last recorded CD4 (<200 cells/mm³, 200–350 cells/mm³, 351–500 cells/mm³, > 500 cells/mm³), risk factor of acquiring HIV (blood transfusion or organ transplant, intravenous drug user, mother-to-child transmission, sexual contact), time from HIV diagnosis to enrollment (<1 year, 1–5 years, >5–10 years, >10 years), antiretroviral therapy use (never used, previously used or currently using), diagnosed with AIDS-defining illness (yes, no), type of site (private health services, national health services), obstetrics/gynecology/pediatric/contraceptive clinic services (available, not available), psychologist (available, not available), childcare and transportation service (available, not available), mental health-related drug (available, not available), hormonal replacement (available, not available), none female therapies (no, yes), average visit frequency (once a year, more than once a year), frequency of mental health disorder assessment (assessed, not assessed).