Figure 2. Signaling characteristics of MD-2/TLR4, in cells stimulated with LPS, LPIVa, or both in combination.

HEK293 cells were transiently transfected with human TLR4, MD-2 and CD14, together with reporter constructs NF-κB-luc and phRG-TK. Cells were stimulated 48 hours later for 6 hours. Data are from a representative experiment (n = 3 experiments) and expressed as triplicate mean ± SEM for that experiment. LPS activated human TLR4 dose-dependently, whereas LPIVa showed no agonist activity and antagonised LPS at both concentrations of agonist.