Body mass and energy and food intake. (A) Body mass throughout the experiment (RM ANOVA, HFD: F1,28 = 3.09, P = 0.09; LPS: F2,28 = 2.88, P = 0.07). (B) Total body mass gain 6.5 weeks after the start of the experiment (two-way ANOVA, HFD: F1,28 = 9.46, P = 0.005; LPS: F2,28 = 9.46, P = 0.0007). (C) Daily calorie intake (RM two-way ANOVA, HFD: F1,28 = 54.07, P < 0.0001; LPS: F2,28 = 21.75, P < 0.0001). (D) Total energy intake at the end of the experiment (two-way ANOVA, HFD: F1,28 = 28.93, P < 0.0001; LPS: F2,28 = 11.63, P = 0.0002). (E) Daily food intake (two-way RM ANOVA, HFD: F1,28 = 2.87, P < 0.0001; LPS: F2,28 = 1.74, P < 0.0001). (F) Total food intake (two-way ANOVA, HFD: F1,28 = 102.7, P < 0.0001; LPS: F2,28 = 17.25, P < 0.0001). Data are presented as means ± SEM (n = 5–6 rats per group). # indicates significant effect of LPS, with ###P < 0.001, and * indicates significant effect of HFD, with ***P < 0.001.