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. 2015 Nov 4;3(11):e12584. doi: 10.14814/phy2.12584

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© 2015 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Physiological Society and The Physiological Society.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Proinflammatory cytokine expression in hypothalamus. IL-1β (two-way ANOVA, HFD: F_1,22 = 0.09, P = 0.77, LPS: F_2,22 = 6.00, P = 0.008), IL-6 (two-way ANOVA, HFD: F_1,22 = 0.08, P = 0.79; LPS: F_2,22 = 0.54, P = 0.59), TNF-α (two-way ANOVA, interaction between LPS × HFD: F_2,22 = 14.57, P = 0.0001; Tukey test, CON-LPS_{low dose} versus CON-vehicle and HFD-LPS_{high dose} versus HFD-vehicle, P < 0.05). Data are presented as mean percentage of CON-vehicle ± SEM (n = 4–5 rats per group). * indicates significant effect of LPS, with **P < 0.01 (two-way ANOVA), & indicates significant difference from control, with ^&P < 0.05 (Tukey’s test).