Table 2.

Common pathway model results: genetic and non-shared environmental influences on the latent factor, and latent factor and time-specific influences on each variable

		Depression			Panic			Generalized anxiety			Separation anxiety			Social anxiety
Etiological influences on the latent factor	Al	0.76 (0.65–0.85)			0.66 (0.43–0.77)			0.64 (0.51–0.74)			0.69 (0.53–0.83)			0.61 (0.51–0.71)
	El	0.24 (0.15–0.35)			0.34 (0.23–0.46)			0.36 (0.26–0.49)			0.31 (0.17–0.47)			0.39 (0.29–0.49)
Mean age, years		15	17	20	15	17	20	15	17	20	15	17	20	15	17	20
Latent factor influences on each variable	L	0.63 (0.58–0.67)	0.78 (0.73–0.83)	0.58 (0.52–0.62)	0.56 (0.51–0.61)	0.71 (0.66–0.76)	0.61 (0.56–0.66)	0.57 (0.52–0.61)	0.83 (0.78–86)	0.58 (0.53–0.63)	0.55 (0.50–0.61)	0.46 (0.38–0.52)	0.60 (0.54–0.66)	0.61 (0.57–0.65)	0.82 (0.78–0.86)	0.68 (0.63–0.72)
Time-specific etiological influences on each variable	As	0.20 (0.13–0.27)	0.03 (0.00–0.11)	0.14 (0.05–0.23)	0.17 (0.10–0.25)	0.12 (0.05–0.21)	0.07 (0.00–0.15)	0.22 (0.15–0.30)	0.01 (0.00–0.09)	0.12 (0.03–0.21)	0.21 (0.13–0.29)	0.26 (0.16–0.36)	0.11 (0.02–0.20)	0.17 (0.10–0.24)	0.02 (0.00–0.07)	0.11 (0.02–0.20)
	Es	0.41 (0.35–0.47)	0.36 (0.28–0.43)	0.53 (0.45–0.63)	0.51 (0.44–0.58)	0.37 (0.28–0.46)	0.56 (0.47–0.65)	0.45 (0.38–0.53)	0.31 (0.22–0.38)	0.54 (0.46–0.63)	0.48 (0.41–0.56)	0.53 (0.44–0.64)	0.53 (0.44–0.62)	0.45 (0.39–0.53)	0.31 (0.24–0.37)	0.44 (0.36–0.52)

A, Additive genetic effects; E, non-shared environmental effects; L, Latent factor.

Mean ages provided in the headings.

95% confidence intervals (CIs) are presented in parentheses. CIs not inclusive of zeros indicate significant influences. Non-overlapping CIs mean significant difference between the values.

L needs to be squared to inform about the proportion of total variance accounted for by the latent factor. L² should be multiplied by A_l to obtain the proportion of the total variance due to the genetic influences from the latent factor. L² should be multiplied by E_l to obtain the proportion of the total variance due to the non-shared environmental influences from the latent factor. Total variance of a trait = L² + A_s + E_s.

AE models are presented, as C influences were not significant and were dropped from the multivariate models without a significant deterioration of the fit (Supplementary Table S2). The AIC values suggest that dropping C lead to improvement of the model fit at these three waves. Full ACE results are presented in Supplementary Tables S3–S5 for completeness.