Table 1.
HIV patients stable on ART retain high titres of CMV reactive antibodies, with NK cell phenotypes and function affected by HIV and CMV status
| HIV patients | CMV+ controls | CMV− controls | A vs B | A vs C | B vs C | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | P b | P b | P b | |
| n | 20 | 16 | 9 | |||
| Male:female | 19:1 | 14:2 | 9:0 | 0.57c | 1 | 0.52 |
| Age (years) | 62 (57–68)a | 60 (57–62) | 55 (53–59) | 0.19 | 0.04 | 0.11 |
| CMV lysate IgG (AU/ml) | 94 (56–240) | 20 (10–35) | 0.9 (0.6–1.0) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| CMV gB IgG (AU/ml) | 127 (90–172) | 45 (27–55) | 1.9 (1.1–2.8) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| CMV IE–1 IgG (AU/ml) | 49 (21–166) | 8 (4.3–180) | 2.6 (2.0–3.7) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0017 |
| CMV lysate IFNγe | 227 (16–700) | 157 (13–617) | 0 (0–0.5) | 0.16 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| NK cells (% lymphocytes) | 12 (8.3–18) | 17 (11–20) | 17 (12–22) | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.76 |
| CD8 T-cells (% lymphocytes) | 39 (19–48) | 17 (7–23) | 13 (10–19) | 0.0007 | 0.001 | 0.71 |
| CD56hi/CD56lo ratio × 100 | 7.2 (3.5–18) | 7 (2.5–9.8) | 12 (9.0–26) | 0.51 | 0.01 | 0.06 |
| IFNγ+ (% NK cells)d | 0.2 (0.1–0.32) | 0.1 (0.1–0.38) | 0.4 (0.15–0.55) | 0.93 | 0.19 | 0.17 |
| IFNγ+ (% NK cells) + K562 | 0.8 (0.3–1.10) | 1.7 (1.0–2.6) | 1 (0.65–2.75) | 0.006 | 0.21 | 0.4 |
| CD56hiIFNγlo (% NK cells)d | 0.36 (0.07–1.3) | 1.1 (0.48–1.6) | 0.4 (0.16–0.97) | 0.08 | 0.96 | 0.12 |
| CD107a+ (% NK cells)d | 6.3 (2.6–8.6) | 6.2 (4.6–7.9) | 3.0 (2.2–6.0) | 0.86 | 0.16 | 0.03 |
| CD107a+ (% NK cells) + K562 | 11 (6.3–14) | 16 (9.8–17) | 8.4 (6.1–11) | 0.03 | 0.48 | 0.006 |
| LIR–1 MFI (NK cells) | 554 (419–706) | 524 (351–774) | 301 (270–734) | 0.82 | 0.27 | 0.17 |
| LIR–1 MFI (CD8 T cells) | 494 (385–679) | 526 (429–852) | 374 (283–807) | 0.3 | 0.07 | 0.15 |
| CD57+ (%NK cells) | 77 (59–83) | 64 (54–66) | 63 (59–65) | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.98 |
| CD56lo perforinhi (% NK cells)d | 85 (76–90) | 83 (77–89) | 79 (70–87) | 0.77 | 0.29 | 0.25 |
| CD56hi perforinlo (% NK cells)d | 3.0 (1.0–5.9) | 3.1 (1.7–5.3) | 5.2 (2.9–5.3) | 0.88 | 0.07 | 0.08 |
aMedian (interquartile range)
bMann–Whitney tests (continuous data), P ≤ 0.05 (bold), P > 0.05–0.1 (italics)
cFisher’s exact test (categorical data)
dCultured without K562 cells
eIFNγ spots per 2 × 106 cells