Table 1.

Seasonal changes in haematological variables for subadult brown bears (Ursus arctos) presented as 95 % confidence interval

Variablea	Unit	λb	2.5 - 97.5 intervalc	Sexd	Seasone	n	Range	p-valuef
Haemoglobin	g/L	2	141-213	F + M	W	11	187–215	<0.0001
					Sp	19	153–187
					Su	15	134–183
RBC	×1012/L	0.8	6.1–9.5	F + M	W	11	8.4–10.0	<0.0001
					Sp + Su	34	6.2–8.0
Haematocrit	L/L	−0.2	0.40–0.63	F + M	W	11	0.54–0.66	<0.0001
					Sp	19	0.46–0.55
					Su	15	0.42–0.53
MCV	fL	−0.6	60–75	F + M	W	11	58–71	0.0038
					Sp + Su	34	62–74
MCHC	g/L	2	289–385	F + M	W + Sp + Su	45	318–388
WBC	×109/L	0	2.7–13.2	F + M	W	11	3.1–12.7	0.0208
					Sp + Su	34	3.9–18.3
Segm.neutroph.	%	2	41.3–89.5	F + M	W	11	31.4–70.8	<0.0001
					Sp + Su	34	50.7–87.9
Eosinophils	%	0.4	0.0–21.4	F + M	W	11	1.2–18.4	0.0091
					Sp + Su	34	0.0–10.7
Lymphocytes	%	0.6	2.6–44.3	F + M	W	11	15.1–45.4	0.0004
					Sp + Su	34	3.1–34.9
Monocytes	%	0.4	1.0–21.4	F + M	W + Sp + Su	45	0.6–14.6

^aRBC = red blood cell count; MCV = mean corpuscular volume; MCHC = mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration; WBC = white blood cell count; Segm.neutroph. = segmented neutrophils

^bλ = the transformation value from the Box-Cox transformation

^c2.5 and 97.5 percentiles on untransformed data

^dF = female; M = male. ^e:W = winter (February-March); Sp = spring (April-May); Su = summer (June)

^f p-values are given for significantly different seasons groups