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. 2015 Dec 9;46:138. doi: 10.1186/s13567-015-0281-1

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© Martín-Martín et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Sand fly experimental infections and xenodiagnostic studies. A Colonized P. perniciosus taking a blood meal from animal paws of anesthetized hamster during xenodiagnosis; B Midgut dissection of P. perniciosus infected with POL2FL6 5 days after xenodiagnosis, with motile promastigotes coming out of the anterior part; C Midgut of an infected sand fly showing an enlarged stomodeal valve; D Midgut dissection of experimentally infected P. perniciosus after biting on a hamster (re-feeding) and thus, potentially transmitting Leishmania parasites.