Table 2.
Data of experimentally infected hamsters.
| Group | Transmission route | Leishmania strain or isolate | No. of exposed sand fliesa | No. of infective bites (%)b | Culture | Parasite burdenc | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spleen | Liver | Spleen | Liver | |||||
| H1 | Control | X | X | X | – | – | – | – |
| X | X | – | – | – | – | |||
| X | X | – | – | – | – | |||
| X | X | – | – | – | – | |||
| H2 | Bite | JPCM5 | 55 | 14/55 (25.5%) | + | – | – | 95 |
| 55 | 13/55 (23.6%) | – | – | 4 × 102 | – | |||
| 55 | 16/55 (29.1%) | – | – | – | – | |||
| 55 | 14/55 (25.5%) | – | – | – | – | |||
| H3 | Bite | JPCM5 | 49 | 25/49 (51.0%) | + | – | – | – |
| 49 | 21/49 (42.9%) | – | – | – | – | |||
| 49 | 14/49 (28.6%) | – | – | – | – | |||
| 49 | 14/49 (28.6%) | – | + | – | 3.1 × 103 | |||
| H4 | IP | JPCM5 | X | X | + | – | 2.6 × 102 | – |
| X | X | – | – | – | – | |||
| X | X | – | – | – | – | |||
| X | X | – | – | – | – | |||
| H5 | Bite | POL2FL6 | 25 | 1 Attemp | – | – | – | – |
| 25 | 1 Attemp | – | – | – | – | |||
| 25 | >5 Attemps | – | – | 3.3 × 105 | 2.9 × 104 | |||
| 25 | 3 Attemps | + | + | 8.8 × 1012 | 2.0 × 1010 | |||
| H6 | Bite | POL2FL6 | 25 | 1/25 (4.0%) | + | – | 6.5 × 105 | 6.7 × 108 |
| 25 | 1/25 (4.0%) | – | – | 1.3 × 104 | – | |||
| 17 | 1/17 (5.9%) | – | – | – | – | |||
| H7 | IP | POL2FL6 | X | X | + | + | 2.3 × 1013 | 2.1 × 1012 |
| X | X | + | + | 3.9 × 1011 | 5.3 × 1010 | |||
| X | X | + | + | 2.4 × 1013 | 1.9 × 1012 | |||
| X | X | + | + | 6.4 × 1012 | 5.9 × 1011 | |||
| H8 | IP | BOS1FL1 | X | X | + | + | 3.2 × 1012 | 9.3 × 1010 |
| X | X | + | + | 6.3 × 1013 | 5.9 × 1012 | |||
aThe number of sand flies used for Leishmania challenge depended on the amount of female flies that survived oviposition. Survival flies were divided into cages where animals were placed for challenge
bThe number of infective bites that each animal received is calculated as the number of flies that took a blood meal and was shown to be infected by Leishmania, as checked under the microscope, divided by the number of exposed flies ×100
cParasite burden is expressed as the number of parasites per gram of tissue