. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 9.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Control. 2015 Jan;22(1):109–120. doi: 10.1177/107327481502200114

Table 1.

Approved Therapies for the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Drug	Target	Effect
Abiraterone acetate	CYP17A1	Reduces circulating testosterone levels^23,24
Cabazitaxel	Microtubules	Microtubule stabilization, interrupts cell cycle³¹
Denosumab	RANKL	Decreases bone resorption³⁴
Docetaxel	Microtubules	Microtubule stabilization, interrupts cell cycle^15,36
Enzalutamide	AR	AR antagonism, prevents signaling^27,28
Radium-223	Bone	Localized radiation³⁵
Sipuleucel-T	Ex vivo activation of PBMCs via GM-CSF and PAP	T-cell activation³²
Zoledronic acid	Osteoclasts	Decreases bone resorption³³

AR = androgen receptor, GM-CSF = granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, PAP = prostatic acid phosphatase, PBMC = peripheral blood mononucleated cell, RANKL = receptor activator of nuclear κB ligand.