Figure 1.

Temporal Lobe Voice Areas in Humans, Monkeys, and Dogs. (A) Voice category-sensitive sites (voice versus nonvoice sounds; blue) in the human temporal lobe or those that are voice-identity sensitive (within category; red). The identified sites are projected onto the surface using pySurfer softwareⁱ and correspond to the identified peak of activity clusters reported in ⁵⁰, ⁵⁷, ⁵⁸, ⁵⁹, ⁶⁰, ⁷⁶, ¹¹⁷. This representation focuses only on the temporal lobe and the right hemisphere, although, as the original reports show, the left hemisphere also has temporal voice-sensitive regions. For a recent probabilistic map of human voice-category sensitive regions, see [87]. (B) Summary of voice-category and voice-identity sensitive sites in the macaque temporal lobe, obtained from peak activity clusters reported in [52]. Also shown are vocalization-sensitive peak responsive sites (purple) reported in other macaque neuroimaging studies ⁴⁶, ¹¹⁸, ¹¹⁹. (C) Voice-category sensitive areas in the brains of domesticated dogs [53], showing a cluster in the anterior temporal lobe. Abbreviations: a, anterior; c, caudal (posterior); ESS, ectosylvian sulcus; m, middle; p, posterior; PAC, primary auditory cortex; r, rostral (anterior); rESG, rostral ectosylvian gyrus; SF, Sylvian fissure; SG, Sylvian gyrus; SSS, suprasylvian sulcus; STG, superior temporal gyrus; STP, supratemporal plane; STS, superior temporal sulcus; TP, temporal pole. Images provided by A. Andics (C).