Table 2.
RCTs on radial ESWT listed in the PEDro database included in the present systematic review
| Ps | Indication | Study | O | Device | T | EFD | S | I | Impulses | PEDro assessment criteria |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | ||||||||||
| 9 | Calcifying tendonitis of the shoulder | Cacchio et al.23 | + | Not specified (Elettronica Pagani) | R | 0.10 (EFD+) | 4 | 7 | 2500 | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + |
| Plantar fasciopathy | Gerdesmeyer et al.24 | + | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.16 (EFD+) | 3 | 14 | 2000 | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Ibrahim et al.25 | + | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.16 (EFD+) | 2 | 7 | 2000 | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | ||
| 8 | Achilles tendinopathy | Rompe et al.26 | + | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.10 (EFD+) | 3 | 7 | 2000 | + | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | + |
| Rompe et al.27 | + | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.12 (EFD+) | 3 | 7 | 2000 | + | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | ||
| Rompe et al.5 | + | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.10 (EFD+) | 3 | 7 | 2000 | + | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | ||
| Plantar fasciopathy | Rompe et al.28 | − | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.16 (EFD+) | 3 | 7 | 2000 | + | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Lohrer et al.12 | + | Duolith SD 1 radial part (Storz) | R | 0.17 (EFDtotal) | 3 | 7 | 2000 | + | − | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | ||
| Proximal hamstring tendinopathy | Cacchio et al.29 | + | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.18 (EFD+) | 4 | 7 | 2500 | + | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Subacromial pain | Engebretsen et al.30 | − | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.1–0.16 (EFD+) | 4–6 | 7 | 2000 | − | − | |||||||||
| 7 | Calcifying tendonitis of the shoulder | Kolk et al.31 | − | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.11 (EFD+) | 3 | 12 | 2000 | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | + | + | + |
| Subacromial pain | Engebretsen et al.32 | − | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.1–0.16 (EFD+) | 3 | 5 | 2000 | + | + | + | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | |
| Lateral epicondylitis | Gündüz et al.33 | + | Not specified | R | ‘1.4 bar’ | 10 | 1 | 500 | + | + | + | − | − | + | + | − | + | + | |
| Plantar fasciopathy | Chow and Cheing34 | + | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.05 to max. tolerable EFD+ | 3 | 7 | 1000 | + | − | + | + | − | + | + | − | + | + | |
| 6 | Plantar fasciopathy | Shaheen35 | + | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.06–0.14 (EFD+) | 3 | 7 | 2000 | + | − | + | + | − | + | − | − | + | + |
| 5 | Non-specific shoulder pain | Damian and Zalpour36 | + | Masterpuls MP 200 (Storz) | R | Not specified | 5.5 | 7 | ? | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | − | + | + |
| Primary long bicipital tenosynovitis | Liu et al.37 | + | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.12 (EFD+) | 4 | 7 | 1500 | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | − | + | + | |
| Myofascial pain syndrome | Cho et al.38 | + | JEST-2000 (Joeunmedical, Korea) | R | 0.12 (?) | 1 | 1000 | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | − | + | + | ||
| Lateral epicondylitis | Sarkar et al.39 | + | Masterpuls MP 100 (Storz) | R | 0.06 (?) | 3 | 7 | 2000 | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | − | + | + | |
| Lateral and medial epicondylitis | Lee et al.6 | + | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.06–0.12 (EFD+) | 3 | 7 | 2000 | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | − | + | + | |
| Greater trochanteric pain syndrome | Rompe et al.40 | + | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.12 (EFD+) | 3 | 7 | 2000 | − | − | + | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | |
| Plantar fasciopathy | Grecco et al.41 | + | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.12 (EFD+) | 3 | 7 | 2000 | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | − | + | + | |
| Greve et al.42 | + | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.12 (EFD+) | 3 | 7 | 2000 | + | − | + | − | − | − | + | − | + | + | ||
| Marks et al.43 | − | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.16 (EFD+) | 3 | 3 | 2000 | + | − | + | − | − | + | + | − | − | + | ||
| 4 | Plantar fasciopathy and tennis elbow | Mehra et al.44 | + | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.10 (EFD+) | 3 | 14 | 2000 | + | − | − | − | − | − | + | − | + | + |
| Spasticity | Vidal et al.45 | + | DolorClast (EMS) | R | 0.10 (EFD+) | 3 | 7 | 2000 | + | − | − | − | − | + | − | − | + | + | |
Ps, PEDro score; O, outcome; +, rESWT significantly better statistically than either placebo or alternative treatment modalities; −, rESWT not significantly better statistically than either placebo or alternative treatment modalities; T, shock wave technology; R, radial; EFD, energy flux density; EFD+, positive EFD; EFDtotal, total EFD; (?), not specified whether EFD+ or EFDtotal; S, number of treatment sessions; I, interval between treatment sessions (days). The PEDro assessment criteria 2–11 are outlined in detail in Table 1. Note that the first PEDro assessment criterion (Eligibility criteria were specified) is not used to calculate the PEDro score.