Table 1. Background characteristics of the study participants (n = 1,497).
| Variable | Frequency (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Navrongo, Northern Ghana | Kintampo, Mid-Ghana | Dodowa, Coastal Ghana | Overall | |
| Age | ||||
| <20 | 45 (9.1) | 39 (7.8) | 46 (9.2) | 130 (8.7) |
| 20–29 | 268 (53.9) | 227 (45.4) | 252 (50.4) | 747 (49.9) |
| 30–39 | 148 (29.8) | 185 (37.0) | 173 (34.6) | 506 (33.8) |
| 40 + | 36 (7.2) | 36 (7.2) | 25 (5.0) | 97 (6.5) |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 13 (2.6) | 4 (0.8) | 17 (1.1) |
| Education | ||||
| None | 148 (29.8) | 244 (48.8) | 192 (38.4) | 584 (39.0) |
| Primary | 139 (28.0) | 96 (19.2) | 109 (21.8) | 344 (23.0) |
| Middle/JHS | 138 (27.8) | 138 (27.6) | 148 (29.6) | 424 (28.3) |
| Secondary | 50 (10.1) | 21 (4.2) | 40 (8.0) | 111 (7.4) |
| Tertiary and above | 22 (4.4) | 1 (0.2) | 11 (2.2) | 34 (2.3) |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Married | 453 (91.2) | 323 (64.6) | 134 (26.8) | 910 (60.8) |
| Cohabiting | 8 (1.6) | 90 (18.0) | 297 (59.4) | 395 (26.4) |
| Single/Divorced/Widowed | 36 (7.2) | 87 (17.4) | 69 (13.8) | 192 (12.8) |
| Religion | ||||
| Christian | 99 (19.9) | 231 (46.2) | 460 (92.0) | 790 (52.8) |
| Islam | 5 (1.0) | 174 (34.8) | 30 (6.0) | 209 (14.0) |
| Traditional | 322 (64.8) | 26 (5.2) | 4 (0.8) | 352 (23.5) |
| Other | 27 (5.4) | 42 (8.4) | 6 (1.2) | 75 (5.0) |
| Missing | 44 (8.9) | 27 (5.4) | 0 (0.0) | 71 (4.7) |
| Parity | ||||
| 1 | 143 (28.8) | 105 (21.0) | 145 (29.0) | 393 (26.3) |
| 2–3 | 212 (42.7) | 211 (42.2) | 211 (42.2) | 634 (42.2) |
| 4–5 | 108 (21.7) | 99 (19.8) | 85 (17.0) | 292 (19.5) |
| 6 + | 34 (6.8) | 85 (17.0) | 59 (11.8) | 178 (11.9) |
| Wanted pregnancy | ||||
| Yes, then | 328 (66.0) | 331 (66.2) | 216 (43.2) | 875 (58.5) |
| Yes, but later | 147 (29.6) | 127 (25.4) | 207 (41.4) | 481 (32.1) |
| No, no at all | 22 (4.4) | 42 (8.4) | 77 (15.4) | 141 (9.4) |
| Partner’s education level | ||||
| None | 165 (33.2) | 182 (36.4) | 86 (17.2) | 433 (28.9) |
| Primary | 92 (18.5) | 32 (6.4) | 70 (14.0) | 194 (13.0) |
| Middle/JHS | 103 (20.7) | 136 (27.2) | 180 (36.0) | 419 (28.0) |
| Secondary/SSS/SHS | 76 (15.3) | 70 (14.0) | 75 (15.0) | 221 (14.8) |
| Tertiary and above | 54 (10.9) | 21 (4.2) | 28 (5.6) | 103 (6.9) |
| No partner/DK | 7 (1.4) | 59 (11.8) | 61 (12.2) | 127 (8.5) |
| Wealth quintiles | ||||
| Lowest | 224 (45.0) | 100 (20.0) | 57 (11.4) | 381 (25.5) |
| Second | 97 (19.5) | 101 (20.2) | 27 (5.4) | 225 (15.0) |
| Middle | 62 (12.5) | 143 (28.6) | 90 (18.0) | 295 (19.7) |
| Fourth | 45 (9.1) | 92 (18.4) | 162 (31.4) | 299 (20.0) |
| Highest | 69 (13.9) | 64 (12.8) | 164 (32.8) | 297 (19.8) |
| Transport to ANC place | ||||
| On foot | 355 (71.4) | 220 (44.0) | 169 (33.8) | 744 (49.7) |
| Bicycle/Motorking/Motorbike | 118 (23.7) | 3 (0.6) | 3 (0.6) | 124 (8.3) |
| Car(Taxi/Public/Private) | 23 (4.6) | 267 (63.4) | 317 (63.4) | 607 (40.6) |
| Missing | 1 (0.2) | 10 (2.0) | 11 (2.2) | 22 (1.5) |
| Transport to delivery place | ||||
| On foot | 177 (35.6) | 262 (52.4) | 172 (34.4) | 611 (40.8) |
| Bicycle/Motorking/Motorbike | 235 (47.3) | 8 (1.6) | 4 (0.8) | 247 (16.5) |
| Car(Taxi/Public/Private) | 73 (14.7) | 229 (45.8) | 313 (62.6) | 615 (41.1) |
| Missing | 12 (2.4) | 1 (0.2) | 11 (2.2) | 24 (1.6) |
| Transport to PNC place | ||||
| On foot | 255 (51.3) | 129 (25.8) | 65(13.0) | 449 (30.0) |
| Bicycle/Motorking/Motorbike | 138 (27.8) | 7 (1.4) | 1 (0.2) | 146 (9.8) |
| Car(Taxi/Public/Private) | 54 (10.9) | 199 (39.8) | 227 (45.4) | 480 (32.1) |
| Missing | 50 (10.1) | 165 (33.0) | 207 (41.4) | 422 (28.1) |
| Woman beliefs about child illness | ||||
| All illness can be treated | 244 (49.1) | 227 (45.4) | 424 (84.8) | 895 (59.8) |
| Some illness can't be treated | 249 (50.1) | 268 (53.6) | 67 (13.4) | 584 (39.8) |
| Missing | 4 (0.8) | 5 (1.0) | 9(1.8) | 18 (1.2) |