Table 3.
Weighted Prevalence Estimates of Drug-Alcohol Interactions by Interaction Severity and Therapeutic Class of Alcohol-Interacting Medication Overall and by Gender and Age Group (N=2975)
| Therapeutic Class (No. of users) | 57–64,y (N=1015)
|
65–74,y (N=1082)
|
75–85,y (N=878)
|
Total (N=2975) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (N=525) | Women (N=490) | Men (N=543) | Women (N=539) | Men (N=377) | Women (N=501) | ||
| Major Severity | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Overall (N=126) | 5.0 (3.1–6.9) | 4.2 (2.2–6.2) | 6.0 (4.1–7.9)* | 2.3 (1.0–3.7) | 5.1 (2.4–7.8) | 2.9 (1.0–4.9) | 4.3 (3.5–5.1) |
|
| |||||||
| Antidiabetics (N=98) | 7.3 (4.7–9.8) | 1.1 (0.0–2.2) | 5.6 (3.7–7.5)* | 1.4 (0.4–2.4) | 2.6 (0.9–4.2) | 1.4 (0.2–2.6) | 3.4 (2.5–4.3) |
|
| |||||||
| Analgesics (N=78) | 2.1 (0.9–3.2)* | 3.5 (1.6–5.4) | 3.3 (1.7–5.0) | 1.3 (0.4–2.2) | 3.8 (1.3–6.3) | 2.5 (0.7–4.3) | 2.7 (2.0–3.4) |
|
| |||||||
| Narcotic Analgesics | 1.0 (0.0–1.9) | 1.3 (0.0–3.0) | 1.6 (0.4–2.8) | 0.6 (0.1–1.1) | 1.0 (0.0–1.9) | 0.3 (0.0–0.7) | 1.0 (0.5–1.5) |
|
| |||||||
| Hydrocodone | 0.7 (0.0–1.5) | 0.6 (0.0–1.5) | 1.4 (0.3–2.6) | 0.6 (0.1–1.1) | 0.7 (0.0–1.6) | 0.3 (0.0–0.8) | 0.7 (0.3–1.1) |
|
| |||||||
| Oxycodone | 0.3 (0.0–0.7) | 0.8 (0.0–2.1) | 0.2 (0.0–0.6) | 0 (0) | 0.2 (0.0–0.7) | 0 (0) | 0.3 (0.0–0.6) |
|
| |||||||
| Other Analgesics | 1.0 (0.1–1.8) | 2.0 (0.6–3.5) | 1.5 (0.3–2.7) | 0.7 (0.0–1.5) | 2.2 (0.0–4.4) | 2.4 (0.6–4.1) | 1.6 (0.9–2.2) |
|
| |||||||
| Acetaminophen | 1.7 (0.6–2.7) | 2.8 (1.0–4.5) | 3.1 (1.5–4.7) | 1.0 (0.2–1.9) | 2.4 (0.7–4.1) | 2.1 (0.5–3.7) | 2.1 (1.5–2.8) |
|
| |||||||
| Tramadol | 0.1 (0.0–0.4) | 0.9 (0.0–1.8) | 0.4 (0.0–1.0) | 0 (0) | 1.3 (0.0–3.3) | 0.4 (0.0–1.0) | 0.5 (0.1–0.8) |
|
| |||||||
| Moderate Severity | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Overall (N=503) | 20.2 (14.9–25.6)* | 14.6 (10.8–18.4) | 25.1 (21.3–28.8)* | 14.2 (10.4–18.0) | 26.3 (20.5–32.1)* | 12.9 (8.6–17.2) | 18.5 (16.3–20.7) |
|
| |||||||
| Analgesics(N=300) | 12.1 (8.3–16.0) | 6.3 (3.6–9.0) | 16.1 (12.7–19.5) | 8.7 (5.8–11.5) | 17.5 (11.3–23.7) | 8.0 (4.6–11.4) | 11.0 (9.4–12.7) |
|
| |||||||
| Narcotic Analgesics (N=3) | 0 (0) | 0.1 (0.0–0.4) | 0.2 (0.0–0.6) | 0.3 (0.0–0.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) |
|
| |||||||
| Aspirin (N=296) | 12.1 (8.3–16.0) | 6.2 (3.5–8.8) | 15.9 (12.5–19.3) | 8.4 (5.6–11.2) | 17.5 (11.3–23.7) | 8.0 (4.6–11.4) | 10.9 (9.2–12.6) |
|
| |||||||
| Psychotropic Medications (N=204) | 4.9 (2.6–7.2)* | 9.9 (7.0–12.9) | 9.3 (6.3–12.4) | 8.1 (5.3–10.8) | 7.7 (4.8–10.7) | 6.4 (4.0–8.8) | 7.7 (6.6–8.8) |
|
| |||||||
| Antidepressants (N=90) | 2.2 (0.8–3.6) | 5.8 (3.7–7.9) | 3.8 (1.8–5.9) | 3.4 (1.5–5.3) | 1.6 (0.0–3.2) | 3.2 (1.2–5.2) | 3.5 (2.7–4.3) |
|
| |||||||
| Anxiolytics, Sedatives, & Hypnotics (N=68) | 2.3 (0.6–4.0) | 2.5 (1.1–3.9) | 3.0 (1.1–4.8) | 2.6 (0.8–4.4) | 2.3 (0.9–3.6) | 2.0 (0.8–3.2) | 2.5 (1.7–3.2) |
|
| |||||||
| Vitamins (N=65) | 2.2 (0.6–3.8) | 2.7 (0.7–4.7) | 3.4 (2.0–4.8) | 2.3 (0.8–3.7) | 4.0 (1.4–6.6) | 0.4 (0.0–1.0) | 2.5 (1.7–3.2) |
|
| |||||||
| Warfarin (N=45) | 0.8 (0.0–1.7) | 0.9 (0.0–1.9) | 2.1 (1.0–3.2) | 0.4 (0.0–0.9) | 7.0 (4.0–9.9) | 0.9 (0.0–1.8) | 1.6 (1.1–2.1) |
|
| |||||||
| Others (N=35) | 1.6 (0.6–2.6) | 1.0 (0.0–2.1) | 1.0 (0.0–1.9) | 0.7 (0.0–1.4) | 2.8 (0.2–5.4) | 0.5 (0.0–1.1) | 1.2 (0.7–1.7) |
|
| |||||||
| Minor Severity | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Overall (N=81) | 1.5 (0.2–2.7)* | 4.3 (1.6–7.0) | 4.8 (2.4–6.0) | 3.0 (1.3–4.6) | 4.9 (1.8–8.1)* | 1.5 (0.7–2.3) | 3.1 (2.4–3.9) |
|
| |||||||
| Folic Acid (N=52) | 1.2 (0.0–2.4) | 2.4 (0.5–4.2) | 2.8 (1.5–4.0) | 2.1 (0.7–3.4) | 3.7 (1.1–6.3) | 0.4 (0.0–1.0) | 2.0 (1.3–2.7) |
|
| |||||||
| Beta Blockers (N=6) | 0 (0) | 0.6 (0.0–1.9) | 0.8 (0.0–1.9) | 0.2 (0.0–0.7) | 0.3 (0.0–0.7) | 0 (0) | 0.3 (0.0–0.7) |
|
| |||||||
| Contraindicated Severity | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Overall (N=3) | 0.1 (0.0–0.4) | 0 (0) | 0.5 (0.0–1.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) |
*
Several therapeutic classes may belong in multiple severity categories. Antidiabetics include: Glipizide, Glipizide–Metformin, Glyburide, Glyburide-Metformin, Insulin, Metformin, and Tolazamide. Other medications include: Nitroglycerin, Methotrexate, Metoclopramide, Prochlorperazine, Tadalafil, Yohimbine, Tizanidine, and Valerian. Overall- Contraindicated include Metronidazole and Topiramate.
*
Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between men and women using chi-square test.