Table 2.
Health-related quality of life, child feeding, activity, and behavioral assessments. PedsQL scales shown with total possible score of 100 (range 0-100) indicating highest rated quality of life. The CFPQ scales (range 1-5) with higher scores indicating more agreement with the feeding behavior or higher frequency of the practice.
| Measure | All (N=59) | Controls (N=29) | Intervention (N=30) | p* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PedsQL scales, mean (SD): | ||||
| Overall | 84.4 (12.1) | 82.4 (12.5) | 86.2 (11.6) | 0.23 |
| Physical functioning | 84.6 (14.1) | 82.7 (15.9) | 86.6 (12.0) | 0.29 |
| Emotional functioning | 81.1 (17.3) | 78.4 (17.0) | 83.7 (17.4) | 0.25 |
| Social functioning | 87.5 (16.4) | 84.8 (19.1) | 90.0 (13.1) | 0.23 |
| School functioning | 83.0 (15.1) | 82.3 (12.8) | 83.7 (17.3) | 0.73 |
| Psychosocial health | 84.1 (12.8) | 82.2 (12.1) | 86.0 (13.4) | 0.26 |
| CFPQ scales, mean (SD): | ||||
| Child control (allow child control of eating behavior) | 2.6 (0.8) | 2.7 (0.9) | 2.5 (0.7) | 0.54 |
| Emotion regulation (parent uses food to regulate emotion) | 1.6 (0.7) | 1.7 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.6) | 0.23 |
| Encourage balance and variety in diet | 4.4 (0.6) | 4.3 (0.7) | 4.4 (0.6) | 0.53 |
| Environment (make healthy foods available in home) | 3.5 (1.0) | 3.4 (0.9) | 3.7 (1.0) | 0.17 |
| Food as reward for behavior | 2.5 (1.0) | 2.6 (1.0) | 2.4 (1.1) | 0.49 |
| Encourage child involvement in meal planning/preparation | 3.1 (1.0) | 3.1 (1.1) | 3.1 (1.0) | 0.81 |
| Modeling (parent demonstrates healthy eating) | 3.8 (1.0) | 3.8 (1.0) | 3.8 (1.0) | 0.85 |
| Monitoring (parent tracks less healthy foods) | 3.6 (0.9) | 3.5 (0.9) | 3.7 (0.9) | 0.47 |
| Pressure (parent pressures child to eat more food at meals) | 2.4 (1.0) | 2.2 (0.9) | 2.6 (1.1) | 0.16 |
| Restriction for health (parent controls intake to restrict less healthy foods) | 3.8 (0.9) | 3.8 (0.9) | 3.9 (0.9) | 0.86 |
| Restriction for weight control (parent controls intake to influence weight) | 3.0 (1.0) | 3.2 (1.0) | 2.8 (1.0) | 0.18 |
| Teaching about nutrition (explicit instruction to encourage healthy foods) | 3.7 (0.9) | 3.6 (0.9) | 3.9 (0.9) | 0.20 |
| Screen time, hours, per weekday+ | 2.0 (1.5) | 2.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (1.6) | 0.01 |
| Screen time, hours, per weekend day+ | 3.5 (3.0) | 2.0 (3.8) | 4.0 (2.6) | 0.01 |
| Screen time, hours, per all days+ | 3.0 (2.1) | 2.0 (2.6) | 3.5 (1.8) | 0.01 |
| Active play time, minutes per day, mean (SD) | 120.0 (90.0) | 120.0 (120.0) | 120.0 (90.0) | 0.83 |
| Sleep, hours per day, mean (SD) | 10.7 (1.4) | 10.6 (1.4) | 10.7 (1.4) | 0.90 |
*
p-value for comparison between intervention and control groups
+
Denotes use of Median (Interquartile Range) calculated by Independent Samples Mann-Whitney U Test
CFPQ = child feeding practices questionnaire