Table 1.
Demographic and clinical variables
| BO n=29 | NBO n=28 | HC n=23 | Statistics | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of youth without psychiatric diagnoses | 18 (62%) | 16 (57%) | 23 (100%) | BO vs. NBO χ2(2)<1 |
ns |
| Number of youth untreated with psychotropic medications | 24(83%) | 24(86%) | 23(100%) | BO vs. NBO χ2(2)<1 |
ns |
| Age at scan | 13.81(2.45) | 13.93(2.38) | 13.74(1.80) | F(2,77)<1 | ns |
| Gender (female) | 14 | 12 | 11 | χ2(2)<1 | ns |
| Handedness (right hand) | 26 | 26 | 21 | Yates' χ2(2)<1 | ns |
| IQ (WASI) | 103.21(14.51) | 102.86(14.33) | 105.78(13.7 9) | F(2,77)<1 | ns |
| SES based on parental education | 5.48(0.95) | 5.54(0.96) | 5.30(1.02) | F(2,77)<1 | ns |
|
| |||||
| Medications | |||||
|
| |||||
| antidepressants | na | sertraline HCI: n=1 | na | ||
| antipsychotics | Risperidone: n=1 Quetiapine Fumarate: n=1 |
na | na | ||
| mood stabilizers | na | na | na | ||
| stimulants | amphetamine, dextroamphetamine mixed salts: n=1 | methylphenidate: n=1 amphetamine, dextroamphetamine mixed salts: n=2 |
na | ||
| non-stimulants | Atomoxetine HCl: n=2 | na | na | ||
| benzodiazepines | na | na | na | ||
|
| |||||
| Youth offspring current psychiatric diagnoses | |||||
|
| |||||
| Number of youth with more than 1 diagnosis | 6 | 7 | na | ||
| MDD/DDNOS | 3 | 2 | na | ||
| Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | 6 | 5 | na | ||
| Anxiety disorders | 2 | 2 | na | ||
| Oppositional Defiant Disorder | 1 | 2 | na | ||
| Phobias | 2 | 2 | na | ||
| Tourette's Disorder | 1 | 0 | na | ||
| Obsessive compulsive disorder | 0 | 2 | na | ||
| Eating disorder | 2 | 0 | na | ||
|
| |||||
| Symptom Assessment Scale Scores administered on the day of scan | |||||
|
| |||||
| SCARED Parent Total | 9.45(6.86) | 10.85(11.70) | 4.17(4.32) | F(2,76)=4.35 | 0.02 |
| SCARED Child Total | 11.66(8.61) | 10.79(13.80) | 9.33(11.42) | F(2,77)<1 | ns |
| MFQ Parent | 5.90(8.97) | 5.42(9.09) | 1.57(2.09) | F(2,75)=2.4 | ns |
| MFQ Child | 8.86(10.73) | 10.18(10.97) | 5.09(10.57) | F(2,77)=1.5 | ns |
| CALS Parent Total | 7.97(10.26) | 5.07( 7.65) | 1.78( 2.59) | F(2,76)=4.04 | 0.02 |
| CALS Child Total | 10.52(12.22) | 8.79(11.28) | 5.96(13.39) | F(2,77)<1 | ns |
Note: Standard deviations (SD) are reported in parentheses. BO – youth offspring of parents with bipolar disorder; NBO – youth offspring of parents with non-bipolar psychopathology; HC – healthy offspring of psychiatrically healthy parents. MDD – major depressive disorder; SCARED - Self-Report for Childhood Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders; MFQ - Mood and Feelings Questionnaire; CALS - The Children’s Affective Lability scale; na – not applicable; ns – not significant.