Table 2. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics, Study of Patients (N = 14,584) With Prediabetes, Secure-Messaging-Eligible Cohort Stratified by Arma, Kaiser Permanente Northern California 2013.
| Characteristic | Study Arm |
P Valueb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Secure Email Message, N (%) | B. Interactive Voice Response, N (%) | C. Mailed Letter, N (%) | D. Usual Care (No Contact), N (%) | ||
| N | 2,667 | 2,675 | 2,673 | 2,681 | NA |
| Age, mean (SD) | 58.3 (11.2) | 58.2 (11.1) | 58.4 (11.1) | 58.2 (10.9) | .92 |
| Age categories | |||||
| 18–39 | 177 (7) | 167 (6) | 157 (6) | 153 (6) | .24 |
| 40–49 | 384 (14) | 391 (15) | 391 (15) | 392 (15) | |
| 50–59 | 769 (29) | 785 (29) | 828 (31) | 842 (31) | |
| 60–69 | 914 (34) | 929 (35) | 852 (32) | 907 (34) | |
| 70–80 | 423 (16) | 403 (15) | 445 (17) | 387 (14) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 1,077 (40) | 1,084 (41) | 1,029 (38) | 1,057 (39) | .39 |
| Male | 1,590 (60) | 1,591 (59) | 1,644 (62) | 1,624 (61) | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 5 (0.2) | 16 (0.6) | 13 (0.5) | 13 (0.5) | .75 |
| Asian | 517 (19) | 473 (18) | 490 (18) | 501 (19) | |
| African American | 115 (4) | 106 (4) | 98 (4) | 116 (4) | |
| Hispanic | 242 (9) | 262 (10) | 254 (10) | 259 (10) | |
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 21 (1) | 15 (1) | 17 (1) | 14 (1) | |
| White | 1,642 (62) | 1,662 (62) | 1,668 (62) | 1,644 (61) | |
| Unknown | 125 (5) | 141 (5) | 133 (5) | 134 (5) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) mean, SD | 30.6 (6.4) | 30.6 (6.2) | 30.6 (6.1) | 30.6 (6.5) | .97 |
| BMI categories (kg/m2) | |||||
| <25 (Normal) | 409 (15) | 407 (15) | 377 (14) | 423 (16) | .63 |
| 25–29 (Overweight) | 930 (35) | 934 (35) | 895 (33) | 909 (34) | |
| ≥30 (Obese) | 1,132 (42) | 1,151 (43) | 1,198 (45) | 1,149 (43) | |
| Unknown | 196 (7) | 183 (7) | 203 (8) | 200 (7) | |
| Fasting plasma glucose categories, mg/dL | |||||
| 110–114 | 1,465 (55) | 1,445 (54) | 1,382 (52) | 1,446 (54) | .26 |
| 115–119 | 733 (27) | 761 (28) | 817 (31) | 758 (28) | |
| 120–125 | 469 (18) | 469 (18) | 474 (18) | 477 (18) | |
| Prediabetes diagnosis at enrollment | 1,657 (62) | 1,665 (62) | 1,662 (62) | 1,668 (62) | >.99 |
| Number of primary care visits in previous year | |||||
| 0 | 149 (6) | 145 (5) | 161 (6) | 153 (6) | .89 |
| 1 | 663 (25) | 704 (26) | 676 (25) | 683 (25) | |
| 2 | 662 (25) | 612 (23) | 651 (24) | 641 (24) | |
| 3 | 464 (17) | 441 (16) | 452 (17) | 455 (17) | |
| ≥4 | 729 (27) | 773 (29) | 733 (27) | 749 (28) | |
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.
a
Type of communication used to encourage participants to participate in Kaiser Permanente’s Wellness Coaching Center.
b
P values calculated with χ2 and t tests.