Table 3. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics, Study of Patients (N = 14,584) With Prediabetes, Secure-Messaging-Ineligible Cohort Stratified by Arma, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2013.
| Characteristic | Study Arm |
P Valueb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B. Interactive Voice Response, N (%) | C. Letter, N (%) | D. Usual Care (No Contact), N (%) | ||
| N | 1,294 | 1,296 | 1,298 | NA |
| Age, mean (SD) | 60.9 (11.4) | 61.2 (11.3) | 60.9 (11.7) | .78 |
| Age categories, y | ||||
| 18–39 | 43 (3) | 44 (3) | 57 (4) | .27 |
| 40–49 | 173 (13) | 161 (12) | 148 (11) | |
| 50–59 | 362 (28) | 345 (27) | 377 (29) | |
| 60–69 | 373 (29) | 405 (31) | 355 (27) | |
| 70–80 | 343 (27) | 341 (26) | 361 (28) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 545 (42) | 535 (41) | 545 (42) | .90 |
| Male | 749 (58) | 761 (59) | 753 (58) | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 9 (0.7) | 6 (0.5) | 5 (0.4) | .45 |
| Asian | 289 (22) | 247 (19) | 270 (21) | |
| Black or African American | 111 (9) | 118 (9) | 139 (11) | |
| Hispanic | 213 (16) | 235 (18) | 237 (18) | |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 11 (1) | 13 (1) | 14 (1) | |
| White | 567 (44) | 588 (45) | 542 (42) | |
| Unknown | 94 (7) | 89 (7) | 91 (7) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean, SD | 30.2 (6.0) | 30.4 (6.2) | 30.2 (6.2) | .78 |
| BMI categories | ||||
| <25 (Normal) | 217 (17) | 198 (15) | 211 (16) | .87 |
| 25–29 (Overweight) | 459 (35) | 486 (38) | 463 (36) | |
| ≥30 (Obese) | 543 (42) | 533 (41) | 552 (43) | |
| Unknown | 75 (6) | 79 (6) | 72 (6) | |
| Fasting plasma glucose categories, mg/dL | ||||
| 110–114 | 698 (54) | 689 (53) | 665 (51) | .46 |
| 115–119 | 377 (29) | 383 (30) | 381 (29) | |
| 120–125 | 219 (17) | 224 (17) | 252 (19) | |
| Prediabetes diagnosis at enrollment | 784 (61) | 785 (61) | 786 (61) | > .99 |
| Number of primary care visits in previous year | ||||
| 0 | 61 (5) | 51 (4) | 54 (4) | .59 |
| 1 | 352 (27) | 353 (27) | 338 (26) | |
| 2 | 324 (25) | 296 (23) | 307 (24) | |
| 3 | 210 (16) | 236 (18) | 214 (16) | |
| ≥4 | 347 (27) | 360 (28) | 385 (30) | |
Abbreviation: SD-standard deviation.
a
Type of communication used to encourage participants to participate in Kaiser Permanente’s Wellness Coaching Center
b
P values calculated with χ2 and t tests.