Table 3.
Summary of studies focusing on in vitro and in vivo mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of allyl chloride∗
| Tests | Species | Protocol | Results | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genetic toxicity in vitro | ||||
| bacteria test (gene mutation) |
Salmonella typhimurium | Plate inc. assay | 2 tests negative, 1 positive in TA1535 with S9 | Dean et al [40] McCoy et al [41] |
| Spot test | 2 tests positive (in TA1535 with S9) (in TA1535 with & without S9) |
Neudecker & Henschler [42] | ||
| Liquid susp. assay | Positive in TA100 without S9 | Eder et al [43] | ||
| Escherichia coli | Spot test | Positive with & without S9 | ||
| Nonbacterial in vitro test (gene mutation) | Streptomyces coelicolor | Plate inc. assay | Positive for both forward & reverse mutation | Bignami et al [7] |
| Spot test | Positive for both forward & reverse mutation | |||
|
Aspergillus nidulans Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
Plate inc. assay Spot test Liquid suspension assay |
Negative Negative Positive both with & without S9 |
||
| Nonbacterial in vitro test (chromosomal aberration) |
A. nidulans Rat liver RL1 |
Other Other |
Increase in haploid segregants & diploid nondisjunctional sectors negative |
Crebelli et al [44] Dean et al [40] |
| Human HeLa S3 | H3-thymidine incorp. | Positive UDS | Schiffmann et al [45] | |
| DNA-modifying activity | E. coli | Other | Positive in pol A1 | McCoy et al [41] |
| Genetic toxicity in vivo | Rat/CD Rat/DC |
Micronucleus test Dominant lethal assay Sperm abnormality |
Negative Negative |
McGregor [46] |
| Mouse/B6C3F1 | SLRL test | Negative | ||
| Drosophila melanogaster | Negative | |||
SLRL, sex-linked recessive lethal; UDS, unscheduled DNA synthesis.
∗
Information is mostly obtained by searching in United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). OECD SIDS report: chloropropene (CAS no.: 107-05-1). Nairobi (Kenya): UNEP Publications; 1996.