Figure 3.

Ectopic expression of VpCNin Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. (A) P. st DC3000 was diluted to OD₆₀₀ 0.02 and injected into the middle of a leaf with needleless syringes. The injected leaves were marked with white pipette tips, and pictures taken 3 dpi. (B) Disease symptoms developed on the leaves of transgenic lines and wild type plants 3 dpi with P.st DC3000. (C) Transgenic plants and wild type leaves were stained with trypan blue 12 hpi with P.st DC3000. (D) Transgenic plants and wild type leaves were stained with nitro blue terazolium (NBT). (E) Microscopic observation of callose deposition after 3 dpi. Bars = 50 μm. (F) The numbers of bacterial cells in the leaves were determined at 3 and 5 dpi. (G) Detection of H₂O₂ concentration in Arabidopsis leaf samples harvested at 24 hpi. (H) Quantification of dead cells at 12 hpi. (I) Quantification of callose from A. thaliana leaves at 3 dpi. The experiment encompass three independent biological replicates, for each biological replicate six rosette leaves were harvested from three plant and three technical replicates were performed. Data represent means of three biological replicates ±SE, asterisksin indicate statistical significance in comparison with WT (Student's t-test, significance levels of ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01 are indicated).