Table 2.
The skin lightening practice among female students (N = 63)a.
| Variables | Undergraduate (N = 39) n (%) |
Postgraduate (N = 24) n (%) |
Total (N = 63) n (%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Types of products used | Facial cleanser | 31 (79.5) | 20 (83.3) | 51 (81) |
| Facial mask | 5 (12.8) | 6 (25) | 11 (17.5) | |
| Facial moisturizer | 16 (41) | 11 (45.8) | 27 (39.7) | |
| Antiaging | 3 (7.7) | 4 (16.7) | 7 (11.1) | |
| Toner | 9 (48.7) | 5 (20.8) | 14 (22.2) | |
| Others (sunblock, serum) | 2 (5.1) | 1 (4.2) | 3 (4.8) | |
|
| ||||
| Factors considered during purchasing | Advertisement | 10 (25.6) | 7 (29.2) | 17 (27) |
| Friend recommendation | 10 (25.6) | 9 (37.5) | 19 (30.2) | |
| Ingredient used | 18 (46.2) | 11 (45.8) | 29 (46) | |
| Reasonable price | 23 (59) | 12 (50) | 35 (55.6) | |
| Brand influence | 7 (17.9) | 7 (29.2) | 14 (22.2) | |
| Effective within the short period of application | 9 (23.1) | 6 (25) | 15 (23.8) | |
| Halal certification | 3 (7.7) | 3 (12.5) | 6 (9.5) | |
|
| ||||
| Products preferred | Local | 13 (33.3) | 8 (33.3) | 21 (33) |
| International | 12 (30.8) | 10 (41.7) | 22 (35) | |
| Neither of them | 14 (35.9) | 6 (25) | 20 (32) | |
|
| ||||
| Price | <RM 30 | 22 (56.4) | 6 (25) | 28 (44.4) |
| RM 30–RM 60 | 14 (35.9) | 11 (45.8) | 25 (39.7) | |
| >RM 60 | 3 (7.7) | 7 (29.2) | 10 (15.9) | |
|
| ||||
| Checking the ingredient | Yes | 33 (84.6) | 20 (83.3) | 53 (84.1) |
| No | 6 (15.4) | 4 (16.7) | 10 (15.9) | |
|
| ||||
| Products satisfaction | Satisfied | 21 (53.8) | 14 (58.3) | 35 (55.6) |
| Not satisfied | 18 (46.2) | 10 (41.7) | 28 (44.4) | |
|
| ||||
| Point of purchase | Department store | 11 (28.2) | 8 (33.3) | 19 (30.2) |
| Specialty beauty store | 4 (10.3) | 8 (33.3) | 12 (9) | |
| Drugstore | 24 (61.5) | 15 (62.5) | 39 (61.9) | |
| Online | 3 (7.7) | 5 (20.8) | 8 (12.7) | |
| Convenience shop | 8 (20.5) | 4 (16.7) | 12 (19) | |
Note: aperson who answers with “Yes” to skin lightening product use.