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. 2015 Dec 10;5:17929. doi: 10.1038/srep17929

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Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Examples of the surface structures developed on the silicon target after an irradiation sequence of N = 100 pulses at an energy E₀ = 48 μJ with different SoP: (a) radial, (b) azimuthal, (c) spiral and (d) linear. The two panels on the right illustrate the fine morphology of the surface structure for the azimuthal SoP: peripheral regions (yellow box) at the outer edges of the annular OV beam are namely characterised by subwavelength ripples oriented along the normal to the local laser polarization (double-ended arrow), while the internal region of the OV beam (red box) presents microgrooves preferentially directed along the local laser polarization. The fine surface texture observed for the other SoP shows the same characteristic features.