Table 2.

Assaults and verbal aggression by staff training history

Training	N (%)	Overall aggression			Verbal aggression			Physical aggression
		Yes*(%)	No*(%)	p-value**	Yes*(%)	No*(%)	p-value**	Yes*(%)	No*(%)	p-value**
Reporting incidents	219 (77)	188 (91)	19 (9)	0.73	185 (89)	24 (11)	0.77	175 (83)	36 (17)	0.26
Communicating staff	222 (78)	192 (93)	15 (7)	0.02	190 (90)	21 (10)	0.09	180 (85)	31 (15)	0.22
Communicating patients	215 (76)	186 (92)	16 (8)	0.22	183 (89)	22 (11)	0.59	175 (85)	31 (15)	0.80
Assessing	191 (67)	164 (91)	16 (9)	0.70	160 (88)	22 (12)	0.66	153 (84)	30 (16)	0.69
Verbal de-escalation	221 (78)	191 (92)	16 (8)	0.26	190 (90)	22 (10)	0.66	179 (85)	32 (15)	0.85
Self-defense	200 (70)	171 (91)	16 (9)	0.42	171 (89)	21 (11)	0.58	158 (84)	31 (16)	0.73
Training: Observations	186 (65)	160 (91)	16 (9)	0.61	156 (88)	22 (12)	0.72	150 (84)	29 (16)	0.90
Training: Assistance	185 (65)	159 (91)	15 (9)	0.35	155 (88)	21 (12)	0.97	150 (84)	28 (16)	0.71
Training: Practice	175 (62)	148 (90)	17 (10)	0.78	144 (87)	22 (13)	0.50	141 (83)	28 (17)	0.82
No training	2 (1)	1 (50)	1 (50)	0.29	1 (50)	1 (50)	0.39	1 (50)	1 (50)	0.55

^*May not sum to total due to missing cases;

^**Based on Mantel-Hanzel Chi-square test controlling for hospital.