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. 2015 Dec 10;5:17440. doi: 10.1038/srep17440

Figure 2. Effect of shock waves on biofilm formation.

Figure 2

(a–f) SEM of bacterial biofilms grown on plastic microfuge tubes. (a) S. Typhimurium biofilm. (b) P. aeruginosa biofilm. (c) S. aureus biofilm. (d) S. Typhimurium biofilm after shock wave. (e) P. aeruginosa biofilm after shock wave. (f) S. aureus biofilm after shock wave. (g) Crystal violet staining of biofilms before and after shock wave treatment. (h–k) SEM of biofilms on urinary catheters before and after shock waves. (h) P. aeruginosa biofilm. (i) S. aureus biofilm. (j) P. aeruginosa biofilm after shock wave. (k) S. aureus biofilm after shock wave. (l) The area covered by the biofilm estimated from examining 50 SEM fields. Scale bar in 3f & 2k–10 μm. Statistical significance was calculated using One-way ANOVA. Asterisks indicate statistical significance as follows: (***p < 0.001). Error bar–mean ± SD.