Table 4.
Retention strategies described in articles reviewed
| Reference | Retention strategy | Retention rate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention design | Incentive | Project bond | Participant convenience | Participant tracking | ||
| Davis et al. [15] | Run-in phase | Weekly grocery gift cards | – | Transportation support | – | 79.4 % (54/68) |
| Ventura et al. [16] | ||||||
| Azevedo et al. [17] | – | Rewards for retention | – | – | – | 100 % (252/252) |
| Berry et al. [18–20] | 1) Delayed intervention for control group 2) Counseling or support |
1) Exercise equipment 2) Money for data collection 3) Food 4) Gifts |
1) Regular contact 2) Refrigerator magnet 3) Building staff–participant relationship |
1) Reminder message 2) Flexible data collection days 3) Childcare 4) Transportation support |
1) Complete contact information 2) Toll-free line 3) Tracking letter |
89.1 % (638/716) |
| Elizondo-Montemayor et al. [21] | – | – | Building staff–participant relationship | Reminder message | – | 80.8 % (101/125) |
| Black et al. [24, 25] | Culturally sensitive | – | – | – | – | 78.3 % (184/235) |
| Hurley et al. [26] | ||||||
| Witherspoon et al. [27] | ||||||
| Weigensberg et al. [28] | – | – | Transportation support Make-up session | – | 82.9 % (29/35) | |
| Ritchie et al. [33] | 1) Alternative intervention for control group 2) Counseling or support 3) Culturally sensitive |
1) Exercise equipment 2) Recipe books |
1) Building staff–participant relationship 2) Regular contact |
Transportation support | – | 57.9 % (136/235) |
| Sharma et al. [34] | ||||||
| Burnet et al. [37] | 1) Culturally sensitive 2) Activities at YMCA and grocery stores |
– | Building staff–participant relationship | 1) Convenient intervention sites 2) Transportation support 3) Child care |
– | 62.1 % (18/29) |
| Davis et al. [38–40] | – | 1) Weekly prizes 2) Increasing money for data collections 3) Food at intervention session |
Regular contact | Transportation support | – | 94.1 % (209/222) |
| Tkacz et al. [41] | ||||||
| Petty et al. [42] | ||||||
| Wickham et al. [44] | – | YMCA membership | – | – | – | – |
| Bean et al. [45] | – | 1) YMCA membership 2) Grocery store gift card for data collection |
– | – | – | – |
| Wysocki et al. [46, 47] | Alternative intervention for control group | 1) Money for each data collection 2) Money for completing all intervention sessions |
– | – | – | 96.6 % (115/119) |
| Wysocki et al. [48–50] | Alternative intervention for control group | 1) Money for each data collection 2) Money for completion of all intervention sessions |
– | – | – | 88.5 % (92/104) |
| Ellis et al. [51, 52] | Alternative intervention for control group | – | – | Convenient intervention sites | – | 92.9 % (118/127) |
| Story et al. [2] | 1) Alternative intervention for control group 2) Fun intervention activities 3) Culturally sensitive |
1) Gift for intervention attendance 2) Money 3) Increasing money for data collections 4) Additional money for blood draw 5) Food |
1) Family nights 2) Regular contact 3) Build relationship between study and broader community |
1) Convenient intervention sites 2) Flexible study procedures and measurement visits 3) Home visits for data collection 4) Transportation support 5) Childcare 6) Email and telephone reminders |
1) Complete contact information 2) Tracking database 3) Calls from ‘non-identifiable’ cell phones |
Phase I: |
| Rochon et al. [53] | ᅟ | |||||
| Kumanyika et al. [54, 55] | 91.4 % (32/35) and 100 % (60/60) | |||||
| Klesges et al. [56, 57] | Phase II: | |||||
| Robinson et al. [58, 59] | 80.2 % (243/303) and 86.2 % (225/261) | |||||
| Stockton et al. [60] | ||||||
| Natale et al. [61] | Alternative intervention for control group | Incentives (not specified) | Regular contact | – | – | – |
| Nansel et al. [62] | Alternative intervention for control group | 1) Money for completing all data collections 2) Additional money for child providing blood glucose meter data |
1) Appointment reminder calls 2) Follow-up calls after appointment |
1) Transportation support 2) Midpoint evaluations by telephone |
– | 92.3 % (360/390) |
| Janicke et al. [63] | 1) Delayed intervention for control group 2) Proper participant goals 3) Person-centered intervention |
1) Drawing for gift card at weekly child session 2) Gift card per family for each session 3) Money for data collections 4) Food |
1) Build community connections 2) Regular contact 3) Phone calls to participants after missed sessions |
Make-up sessions | – | 87.1 % (81/93) |
| Follansbee-Junger et al. [64] | ||||||
| Radcliff et al. [65] | ||||||