Table 1.
Maternal and labor characteristics
| Before training, 2009 (n = 534) | After training, 2011 (n = 546) | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | |||||
| Nulliparous women | 285 | 53.4% | 283 | 51.8% | 0.61 |
| Maternal age (years) | 30.8 | SD = 5.2 | 30.2 | SD = 5.1 | 0.05 |
| BMI (kg/m2) (n = 482/518) | 25.1 | SD = 5.2 | 24.6 | SD = 5.0 | 0.09 |
| Gestational age (days) | 283 | IQR = 15 | 283 | IQR = 14 | 0.61 |
| Previous PPH | 21 | 3.9% | 29 | 5.3% | 0.28 |
| Previous cesarean section | 69 | 12.9% | 86 | 15.8% | 0.19 |
| Hypertension at admission | 120 | 26.7% | 119 | 27.3% | 0.83 |
| Labor characteristics | |||||
| Induction of labor | 133 | 24.9% | 155 | 28.4% | 0.20 |
| Oxytocin augmentation | 156 | 29.2% | 116 | 21.2% | < 0.01 |
| Epidural analgesia | 230 | 43.1% | 239 | 43.8% | 0.82 |
| Duration of active phase (min) (n = 440/459) | 300 | IQR = 326 | 316 | IQR = 371 | 0.05 |
| Duration of second stage (min) (n = 357/364) | 32 | IQR = 42 | 31 | IQR = 47 | 0.95 |
| Caesarean section | 145 | 27.2% | 136 | 24.9% | 0.40 |
| Operative vaginal delivery | 115 | 21.5% | 100 | 18.3% | 0.19 |
| Episiotomy | 153 | 28.7% | 139 | 25.5% | 0.24 |
| Sphincter injury | 24 | 4.5% | 20 | 3.7% | 0.49 |
| Birthweight (g) | 3612 | SD = 647 | 3599 | SD = 654 | 0.74 |
| Placental weight (g) | 695 | SD = 168 | 709 | SD = 170 | 0.16 |
Standard deviation is given in combination with the mean, interquartile range (IQR) is given with the median, and the percentage (%) is given with the number of participants. The p-values refer to t-test for differences in mean scores, Mann–Whitney U-test for differences in medians, or chi-squared test for differences in proportions.
BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; PPH, postpartum hemorrhage; SD, standard deviation.