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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 18.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2015 Nov 16;21(12):1497–1501. doi: 10.1038/nm.3994

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Microbiota depletion promotes browning of ingSAT and pgVAT. (a,b) Cell size profiling of adipocytes from ingSAT (a) and pgVAT (b) fat of control and 40 days treated Abx mice. Points show mean of pooled fractions from each animal ± sem. (n = 6 per group). (c) H&E staining on sections from ingSAT of mice at 14 weeks of age. Scale bar: 200 μm. (d, e) Relative mRNA expression in ingSAT (d), or pgVAT (e) of mice as in (a), or GF mice with respective controls. (n = 6 per group). (f) Immunohistochemistry on sections from ingSAT of mice at 14 weeks of age. Bars show mean ± sem from automated quantifications of Ucp1-positive cells relative to total cell number. Scale bars: 200 μm (left) or 100 μm (right). (g) Oxygen consumption rates (OCR) of primary isolated ingSAT adipocytes from mice as in (a). Bars represent mean ± sd, calculated using averages of two measurements per condition per pooled sample (n) of two mice (n = 4 samples, 8 mice per group). (h) OGTT of GF mice transplanted with microbiota from control or Abx-treated mice 3.5 weeks after transplantation. Please refer to main text for details. (i) ITT of mice as in (h). (j) Relative mRNA expression in ingSAT of mice as in (h) 4 weeks after transplantation. All values in (d,e,h-j) show mean ± sd (n = 6 per group). Significance was calculated using non-paired two-tailed Students T-test.*: P ≤ 0.05, **: P ≤ 0.01, ***: P ≤ 0.001.